What does "thermal expansion" in piping systems refer to?

Thermal expansion in piping systems refers to the increase in pipe size due to temperature rises. As temperatures increase, materials such as metals and plastics expand to accommodate the increased thermal energy. This expansion occurs because the molecules within the material begin to move faster and require more space. Understanding this concept is crucial for plumbing and heating systems, as failure to account for thermal expansion can lead to mechanical stress, joint failures, or even burst pipes. Properly designed systems incorporate expansion joints or loops to mitigate the effects of this phenomenon, ensuring the longevity and safety of the piping installation.